Nginx0.8.x+PHP5.2.13(FastCGI)搭建高性能Web服务器

Nginx (“engine x”) 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过三年了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。

Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多，其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻、腾讯网、搜狐博客等门户网站频道，六间房、56.com等视频分享网站，Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛，盛大在线、金山逍遥网等网络游戏网站，豆瓣、人人网、YUPOO相册、金山爱词霸、迅雷在线等新兴Web 2.0网站。 Nginx 的官方中文维基：http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxChs 在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果，Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。

两台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器，跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序，单台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”，相当于每天可以承受6000万（700*60*60*24=60480000）的访问量（更多信息见此），而服务器的系统负载也不高。  

为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux 2.6内核）和kqueue（freebsd）网络I/O模型，而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。

处理大量的连接的读写，Apache所采用的select网络I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别：

假设你在大学读书，住的宿舍楼有很多间房间，你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找，直到找到你为止。而epoll版宿管大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号，你的朋友来时，只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可，不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人，都要找自己住这栋楼的同学时，select版和epoll版宿管大妈，谁的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高并发服务器中，轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之一，select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高，同样十分明了。 安装步骤： （系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）

一、获取相关开源程序： 1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）： sudo -s LANG=C yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers 2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装，以下是RPM包下载网址： ①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4 http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/

②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5 http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/

③、RPM包搜索网站 http://rpm.pbone.net/ http://www.rpmfind.net/

④、RedHat AS4 系统环境，通常情况下缺少的支持包安装： Ⅰ、i386 系统 wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm

Ⅱ、x86_64 系统 wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm 3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包： 本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2010年07月26日的最新稳定版。 ①、从软件的官方网站下载： mkdir -p /data0/software cd /data0/software wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.14.tar.gz/from/this/mirror wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz wget “http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0” wget “http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0” wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz wget “http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0” wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.6.1/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2 wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz

②、从blog.zyan.cc下载（比较稳定，只允许在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件）： mkdir -p /data0/software cd /data0/software wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.14.tar.gz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2 wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz 二、安装PHP 5.2.14（FastCGI模式） 1、编译安装PHP 5.2.14所需的支持库： tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.13.1/ ./configure –prefix=/usr/local make make install cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ ./configure make make install /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure –enable-ltdl-install make make install cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make make install cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ /sbin/ldconfig ./configure make make install cd ../ 2、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3 /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/ ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ –enable-assembler –with-extra-charsets=complex –enable-thread-safe-client –with-big-tables –with-readline –with-ssl –with-embedded-server –enable-local-infile –with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg make && make install chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql cd ../ 附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。

①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录 mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/ mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/ mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/ chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/ ②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表： /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db –basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data –user=mysql ③、创建my.cnf配置文件： vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf

输入以下内容： 引用 [client] character-set-server = utf8 port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld] character-set-server = utf8 replicate-ignore-db = mysql replicate-ignore-db = test replicate-ignore-db = information_schema user = mysql port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid open_files_limit = 10240 back_log = 600 max_connections = 5000 max_connect_errors = 6000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet = 32M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 300 #thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 512M query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k default-storage-engine = MyISAM thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 246M max_heap_table_size = 246M long_query_time = 3 log-slave-updates log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog binlog_cache_size = 4M binlog_format = MIXED max_binlog_cache_size = 8M max_binlog_size = 1G relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog expire_logs_days = 30 key_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover

interactive_timeout = 120 wait_timeout = 120

skip-name-resolve #master-connect-retry = 10 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

#master-host = 192.168.1.2 #master-user = username #master-password = password #master-port = 3306

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 128M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0

#log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log #long_query_time = 10

[mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 32M ④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本： vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）： #!/bin/sh

mysql_port=3306 mysql_username=“admin” mysql_password=“12345678”

function_start_mysql() { printf “Starting MySQL…\n” /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null & }

function_stop_mysql() { printf “Stoping MySQL…\n” /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown }

function_restart_mysql() { printf “Restarting MySQL…\n” function_stop_mysql sleep 5 function_start_mysql }

function_kill_mysql() { kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep ‘bin/mysqld_safe’ | grep ${mysql_port} | awk ‘{printf $2}’) kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep ’libexec/mysqld’ | grep ${mysql_port} | awk ‘{printf $2}’) }

if [ “$1” = “start” ]; then function_start_mysql elif [ “$1” = “stop” ]; then function_stop_mysql elif [ “$1” = “restart” ]; then function_restart_mysql elif [ “$1” = “kill” ]; then function_kill_mysql else printf “Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n” fi

⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限： chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql ⑥、启动MySQL： /data0/mysql/3306/mysql start ⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）： /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock ⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）： GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘admin’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘12345678’; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘admin’@‘127.0.0.1’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘12345678’; ⑨、（可选）停止MySQL： /data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop 3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式） tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1 cd php-5.2.14/ ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc –with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config –with-iconv-dir=/usr/local –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir=/usr –enable-xml –disable-rpath –enable-discard-path –enable-safe-mode –enable-bcmath –enable-shmop –enable-sysvsem –enable-inline-optimization –with-curl –with-curlwrappers –enable-mbregex –enable-fastcgi –enable-fpm –enable-force-cgi-redirect –enable-mbstring –with-mcrypt –with-gd –enable-gd-native-ttf –with-openssl –with-mhash –enable-pcntl –enable-sockets –with-ldap –with-ldap-sasl –with-xmlrpc –enable-zip –enable-soap make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=’-liconv’ make install cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini cd ../ 4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块 tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz cd memcache-2.2.5/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2 cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure –enable-eaccelerator=shared –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config –with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql make make install cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/ ./configure make make install cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz cd imagick-2.3.0/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ 5、修改php.ini文件 手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = “./” 修改为extension_dir = “/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/” 并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存： extension = “memcache.so” extension = “pdo_mysql.so” extension = “imagick.so”

再查找output_buffering = Off 修改为output_buffering = On

再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0 修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。

自动修改：执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改： sed -i ’s#extension_dir = “./"#extension_dir = “/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/”\nextension = “memcache.so”\nextension = “pdo_mysql.so”\nextension = “imagick.so”\n#’ /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini sed -i ’s#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#’ /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini sed -i “s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g” /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini sed -i “s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g” /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini 6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP： mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息： 引用 [eaccelerator] zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so” eaccelerator.shm_size=“64” eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable=“1” eaccelerator.optimizer=“1” eaccelerator.check_mtime=“1” eaccelerator.debug=“0” eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max=“0” eaccelerator.shm_ttl=“3600” eaccelerator.shm_prune_period=“3600” eaccelerator.shm_only=“0” eaccelerator.compress=“1” eaccelerator.compress_level=“9”

7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.zyan.cc和www.zyan.cc两个虚拟主机使用的目录： /usr/sbin/groupadd www /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www 8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）： 在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件： rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www： ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。 三、安装Nginx 0.8.46 1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库： tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz cd pcre-8.10/ ./configure make && make install cd ../ 2、安装Nginx tar zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz cd nginx-0.8.46/ ./configure –user=www –group=www –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module make && make install cd ../ 3、创建Nginx日志目录 mkdir -p /data1/logs chmod +w /data1/logs chown -R www:www /data1/logs 4、创建Nginx配置文件 ①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件： rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容： 引用 user www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; }

http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on; tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

server { listen 80; server_name blog.zyan.cc; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data0/htdocs/blog;

#limit_conn crawler 20;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; }

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { expires 30d; }

location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ { expires 1h; }

log_format access ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ’ ‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ’ ‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for’; access_log /data1/logs/access.log access; }

server { listen 80; server_name www.zyan.cc; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data0/htdocs/www;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; }

log_format wwwlogs ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ’ ‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ’ ‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for’; access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs; }

server { listen 80; server_name status.blog.zyan.cc;

location / { stub_status on; access_log off; } } } ②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件： vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

输入以下内容： 引用 fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with –enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; 5、启动Nginx ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx 四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP vi /etc/rc.local

在末尾增加以下内容： 引用 ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx 五、优化Linux内核参数 vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容： 引用 # Add net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768 net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 #net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 #net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535 使配置立即生效： /sbin/sysctl -p 六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置 1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确： /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确： the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

2、平滑重启： ①、对于Nginx 0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可： /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload ②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号： ps -ef | grep “nginx: master process” | grep -v “grep” | awk -F ’ ’ ‘{print $2}’

屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如： 6302 这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效： kill -HUP 6302

或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件： kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid` 七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本 1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

输入以下内容： 引用 #!/bin/bash # This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d “yesterday” +"%Y")/$(date -d “yesterday” +"%m")/ mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d “yesterday” +"%Y")/$(date -d “yesterday” +"%m")/access_$(date -d “yesterday” +"%Y%m%d").log kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid` 2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志 crontab -e

输入以下内容： 引用 00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh